Assessment of the plume dispersion due to chemical attack on April 4, 2. Syria. A numerical investigation has been performed using Weather Research and Forecasting model to determine the role of atmospheric factors that influenced the dispersion of the chemical plume released on the fateful date of April 4, 2. The plume has been approximated as an inert tracer and the effect of meteorological and topographical conditions on the plume dispersion has been studied. The results have shown that the released plume formed a thin layer up to 1.

The plume spreads radially, undiluted to distance of 7. Due to change to convective atmospheric stability conditions, the turbulence convective eddies dilutes the plume.

The atmospheric stability conditions in the next 2 h were critical in dispersing the plume. The study motivates the importance of estimating short- term transport of the plume in health- , safety- and evacuation- management. Keywords. Chemical plume Atmospheric pollution Plume tracking WRF model Syria Chemical attack 2. Early Warfare Detection.

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Question Paper, use the . Clear. IAS will be coming up with detailed analysis, answer keys, a platform for cut- off prediction etc. All items carry equal marks (2. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only. Passage- 1. What climate change will undeniably do is cause of amplify events that hasten the reduction of resources. Competition over these diminishing resources would ensue in the form of political or even violent conflict. Resource- based conflicts have rarely been overt and are thus difficult to isolate.

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Instead, they take on veneers that appear more politically palatable. Conflicts over resources like water are often cloaked in the guise of identity or ideology. Qn 1: What does the above passage imply?(a) Resource- based conflicts are always politically motivated.(b) There are no political solutions to resolve environmental and resource based conflicts.(c) Environmental issues contribute to resource stresses and political conflict.(d) Political conflict based on identity or ideology cannot be resolved. Passage- 2. The man who is perpetually hesitating which of the two things he will do first, will do neither. The man who resolves, but suffers his resolution to be changed by the first counter Suggestion of a friend—who fluctuates from opinion to opinion and veers from plan to plan- can never accomplish anything.

He will at best be stationary and probably retrograde in all. It is only the man who first consults wisely, then resolves firmly and then executes his purpose with inflexible perseverance, undismayed by those petty difficulties which daunt a weaker spirit—that can advance to eminence in any line. Qn 2: The keynote that seems to be emerging from the passage is that(a) we should first consult wisely and then resolve firmly(b) we should reject suggestions of friends and remain unchanged(c) we should always remain broad- minded(d) we should be resolute and achievement- oriented. Passage- 3. During the summer in the Arctic Ocean, sea ice ha, been melting earlier and faster, and the winter freeze has been coming later. In the last three decades, the extent of summer ice has declined by about 3. The lengthening period of summer melt threatens to undermine the whole Arctic food web, atop which stand polar bears.

Qn 3: Which among the following is the most crucial message conveyed by the above passage?(a) Climate change has caused Arctic summer to be short but temperature to be high.(b) Polar bears can be shifted to the South Pole to ensure their survival.(c) Without the presence of polar bears, the food chains in Arctic region will disappear.(d) Climate change poses a threat to the survival of polar bears. Passage- 4. Why do people prefer open defecation and not want toilets or, if they have them, only use them sometimes? Recent research has shown two critical elements: ideas of purity and pollutions, and not wanting pits or septic tanks to fill they have to be emptied. These are the issue that nobody wants to talk about, but if we want to eradicate the practice of open defection, they have to be confronted and dealt properly.

Qn 4: Which among the following is the most crucial message conveyed by the above passage?(a) The ideas of purity and pollutions are so deep- rooted that they cannot be removed from the minds of the people.(b) People have to perceive toilet use and pit- emptying as clean and not polluting.(c) People cannot change their old habits.(d) People have neither civic sense nor sense of privacy. Jupiter Ascending (2015) Download Ipod on this page. Passage- 5. In the last two decades, the world’s gross domestic product (GDP) has increased 5. In recent decades, GDP- driven economic performance, has only harmed inclusive wealth like human capital; and natural capital like forests, land and water.

While the world’s human capital which stands at 5. Qn 5: Which of the following is the most crucial inference from the above passage?(a) More emphasis should be laid on the development of natural capital.(b) The growth driven by GDP only is neither desirable nor sustainable.(c) The economic performance of the countries of the world is not satisfactory.(d) The world needs more human capital under the present circumstances. Passage- 6. By 2. India, with its youth surplus of 4.

It is in this context that labour reforms are often cited as the way to unlock double- digit growth in India. In 2. 01. 4, India’s labour force was estimated to be about 4. Over the last decade, the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of employment has slowed to 0. Qn 6: Which of the following is the most rational inference from the above passage?(a) India must control its population growth so as to reduce its unemployment rate.(b) Labour reforms are required in India to make optimum use of its vast labour force productively(c) India is poised to achieve the double- digit growth very soon(d) India is capable of supplying skilled young people to oil countries.

Passage- 7. The very first lesson that should be taught to us when are old enough to understand it, is that complete freedom from the obligation to work is unnatural, and ought to be illegal, as we can escape our share of the burden of work only by throwing it on someone else’s shoulders. Nature ordains that the human race shall perish of famine if it stops working. We cannot escape from this tyranny. The question we have to settle is how much leisure we can afford to allow ourselves. Qn 7: The main idea of the passage is that(a) it is essential for human beings to work(b) there should be a balance between work and leisure(c) working is a tyranny which we to face(d) human’s understanding of the nature of work is essential. Passage- 8. There is no harm in cultivating habits so long as they are not injurious. Indeed, most of us are little more than bundle of habits.

Take away our habits and the residuum would hardly be worth bothering about. We could not get on without them. They simplify the mechanism of life.

They enable us to do a multitude of things automatically, which, if we had to give fresh and original thought to them each time, would make existence an impossible confusion. Qn 8: The author suggests that habits(a) tend to make our lives difficult(b) add precision to our lives(c) make it easier for us to live(d) tend to mechanize our lives. Directions for the following 2 (two) items: – Consider the given information and answer the two items that follow. No supporters of . The Physics test is held before the test which is conducted after Biology. Chemistry is conducted exactly after two tests are held. Which is the last test held?(a) Physics(b) Biology(c) Mathematics(d) Chemistry.

Qn 1. 4: The sum of income of A and B is more than that of C and D taken together. The sum of income of A and C is the same as that of B and D taken together. Moreover, A earns half as much as the sum of the income of B and D. Whose income is the highest?(a) A(b) B(c) C(d) DQn 1.

Consider the following: Statement: Good voice is a natural gift but one has to keep practising to improve and well in the field of music. Conclusions: Natural gifts need nurturing and care. Even though one’s voice is not good, one can keep practising. Which one of the following is correct, in respect of the above statement and conclusions?(a) Only conclusion I follows from the statement.(b) Only conclusion II follows from the statement.(c) Either conclusion I or conclusion II follows from the statement.(d) Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows from the statement. Qn 1. 6: There are three pillars X, Y and Z of different heights. Three spiders A, B and C start to climb on these pillars simultaneously.

In one chance, A climbs on X by 6 cm but slips down 1 cm. B climbs on Y by 7 cm but slips down 3 cm.

C climbs on Z by 6. If each of them requires 4.