DVD - Wikipedia. DVDMedia type. Optical disc. Encoding. DVD- ROM and DVD- R(W) use one encoding, DVD- RAM and DVD+R(W) uses another. Capacity. 4. 7 GB (single- sided, single- layer – common)8. GB (single- sided, double- layer)9. GB (double- sided, single- layer)1. GB (double- sided, double- layer)Read mechanism.

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Mbit/s (1. The medium can store any kind of digital data and is widely used for software and other computer files as well as video programs watched using DVD players. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions. Prerecorded DVDs are mass- produced using molding machines that physically stamp data onto the DVD. Such discs are a form of DVD- ROM because data can only be read and not written or erased.

Blank recordable DVD discs (DVD- R and DVD+R) can be recorded once using a DVD recorder and then function as a DVD- ROM. Rewritable DVDs (DVD- RW, DVD+RW, and DVD- RAM) can be recorded and erased many times. DVDs are used in DVD- Video consumer digital video format and in DVD- Audio consumer digital audio format as well as for authoring DVD discs written in a special AVCHD format to hold high definition material (often in conjunction with AVCHD format camcorders). DVDs containing other types of information may be referred to as DVD data discs. Etymology. Toshiba had been using the name .

Optical recording technology was invented by David Paul Gregg and James Russell in 1. A consumer optical disc data format known as Laser.

Disc was developed in the United States, and first came to market in Atlanta, Georgia in 1. It used much larger discs than the later formats. Due to the high cost of players and discs, consumer adoption of Laser.

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Disc was very low in both North America and Europe, and was not widely used anywhere outside Japan and the more affluent areas of Southeast Asia, such as Hong- Kong, Singapore, Malaysia and Taiwan. CD Video used analog video encoding on optical discs matching the established standard 1. CDs. Video CD (VCD) became one of the first formats for distributing digitally encoded films in this format, in 1. One was the Multimedia Compact Disc (MMCD), backed by Philips and Sony, and the other was the Super Density (SD) disc, supported by Toshiba, Time Warner, Matsushita Electric, Hitachi, Mitsubishi Electric, Pioneer, Thomson, and JVC. By the time of the press launches for both formats in January 1.

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MMCD nomenclature had been dropped, and Philips and Sony were referring to their format as Digital Video Disc (DVD). Bell, a researcher from IBM's Almaden Research Center, got that request, and also learned of the MMCD development project. Wary of being caught in a repeat of the costly videotape format war between VHS and Betamax in the 1. Apple, Microsoft, Sun Microsystems, Dell, and many others. This group was referred to as the Technical Working Group, or TWG.

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On August 1. 4, 1. IBM, Apple, Compaq, Hewlett- Packard, and Microsoft) issued a press release stating that they would only accept a single format. They recruited Lou Gerstner, president of IBM, to pressure the executives of the warring factions. In one significant compromise, the MMCD and SD groups agreed to adopt proposal SD 9, which specified that both layers of the dual- layered disc be read from the same side—instead of proposal SD 1. After other compromises between MMCD and SD, the computer companies through TWG won the day, and a single format was agreed upon. The TWG also collaborated with the Optical Storage Technology Association (OSTA) on the use of their implementation of the ISO- 1. Universal Disk Format) for use on the new DVDs.

Adoption. They embraced DVD because it produces superior moving pictures and sound, provides superior data lifespan, and can be interactive. Interactivity on Laser.

Discs had proven desirable to consumers, especially collectors. When Laser. Disc prices dropped from approximately $1. Simultaneously, the movie studios decided to change their home entertainment release model from a rental model to a for purchase model.

Movies in the past had uniquely designed title sequences. Suddenly every movie being released required information architecture and interactive design components that matched the film's tone and were at the quality level that Hollywood demanded for its product. DVD as a format had two qualities at the time that were not available in any other interactive medium: enough capacity and speed to provide high quality, full motion video and sound, and low cost delivery mechanism provided by consumer products retailers. Retailers would quickly move to sell their players for under $2. In addition, the medium itself was small enough and light enough to mail using general first class postage. Almost overnight, this created a new business opportunity and model for business innovators to re- invent the home entertainment distribution model.

It also gave companies an inexpensive way to provide business and product information on full motion video through direct mail. Immediately following the formal adoption of a unified standard for DVD, two of the four leading video game console companies (Sega and The 3. DO Company) said they already had plans to design a gaming console with DVDs as the source medium. Contemporary games for Windows were also distributed on DVD. Specifications. DVD- ROM Book, DVD- Audio Book, DVD- Video Book, DVD- R Book, DVD- RW Book, DVD- RAM Book, DVD- AR Book, DVD- VR Book, etc.). These DVD formats are also ISO standards.

Three formats were developed: DVD- R/RW, DVD+R/RW (plus), and DVD- RAM. DVD- R is available in two formats, General (6. Authoring (6. 35 nm), where Authoring discs may be recorded with CSS encrypted video content but General discs may not. Most DVD readers and players play both kinds of discs, though older models can have trouble with the .

The MID contains data such as the manufacturer and model, byte capacity, allowed data rates (also known as speed), etc.. When played, a slight transition can sometimes be seen in the playback when the player changes layers. DVD- R DL was developed for the DVD Forum by Pioneer Corporation; DVD+R DL was developed for the DVD+RW Alliance by Mitsubishi Kagaku Media (MKM) and Philips. The drive with dual- layer capability accesses the second layer by shining the laser through the first semitransparent layer. In some DVD players, the layer change can exhibit a noticeable pause, up to several seconds.

The recording speeds reached by dual- layer media are still well below those of single- layer media. Dual layer DVDs are recorded using Opposite Track Path (OTP).

Track 1 then starts at the outside diameter. DVD video discs are mastered slightly differently. The video is divided between the layers such that layer 1 can be made to start at the same diameter that layer 0 finishes. This speeds up the transition as the layer changes because although the laser does have to refocus on layer 1, it does not have to skip across the disc to find it. Capacity. In draft versions of the specification, DVD- 5 indeed held five gigabytes, but some parameters were changed later on as explained above, so the capacity decreased.

Other formats, those with 8 cm diameter and hybrid variants, acquired similar numeric names with even larger deviation. Watch Penguin Counters (2017) Online. The 1. 2 cm type is a standard DVD, and the 8 cm variety is known as a Mini.

DVD. These are the same sizes as a standard CD and a mini- CD, respectively. The capacity by surface (Mi.

B/cm. 2) varies from 6. Mi. B/cm. 2 in the DVD- 1 to 1. Mi. B/cm. 2 in the DVD- 1. As with hard disk drives, in the DVD realm, gigabyte and the symbol GB are usually used in the SI sense (i. Each DVD sector contains 2,4. There is a small difference in storage space between + and - (hyphen) formats. Scan of a DVD- R; .

Gigabyte = 1,0. 73,7. Gigabyte = 1,0. 73,7. Capacity differences of writable DVD formats. Type. Sectors. Bytes. Ki. BMi. BGi. BDVD- R SL2,2. DVD+R SL2,2. 95,1.

DVD- R DL4,1. 71,7. DVD+R DL4,1. 73,8. All sizes are expressed in their binary sense (i. Gigabyte = 1,0. 73,7. DVD drives and players.