Volkswagen - Wikipedia. Volkswagen (German pronunciation. It is the flagship marque of the Volkswagen Group, the largest automaker by worldwide sales in 2. As a result, only one German out of 5. Seeking a potential new market, some car makers began independent . Josef Ganz developed the Standard Superior (going as far as advertising it as the . In Germany, the company Hanomag mass- produced the 2/1.

PS . Ferdinand Porsche, a well- known designer for high- end vehicles and race cars, had been trying for years to get a manufacturer interested in a small car suitable for a family. He felt the small cars at the time were just stripped down big cars. Instead he built a car he called the . He wanted all German citizens to have access to cars. Thus, Hitler chose to sponsor an all- new, state- owned factory using Ferdinand Porsche's design (with some of Hitler's design constraints, including an air- cooled engine so nothing could freeze).

The intention was that ordinary Germans would buy the car by means of a savings scheme (. However, the entire project was financially unsound, and only the Nazi party made it possible to provide funding. The car already had its distinctive round shape and air- cooled, flat- four, rear- mounted engine.

The VW car was just one of many Kd. F programs, which included things such as tours and outings. The prefix Volks— (. On May 2. 8, 1. 93.

Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagens mb. H (. More than a year later, on September 1. Volkswagenwerk Gmb. H. It was one of the first cars designed with the aid of a wind tunnel—a method used for German aircraft design since the early 1. The car designs were put through rigorous tests, and achieved a record- breaking million miles of testing before being deemed finished. The construction of the new factory started in May 1. None were actually delivered to any holder of the completed saving stamp books, though one Type 1 Cabriolet was presented to Hitler on 2.

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April 1. 94. 4 (his 5. As was common with much of the production in Nazi Germany during the war, slave labor was utilized in the Volkswagen plant, e.

The company would admit in 1. German historians estimated that 8.

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Volkswagen's wartime workforce was slave labor. A lawsuit was filed in 1. In April 1. 94. 5, Kd. F- Stadt and its heavily bombed factory were captured by the Americans, and subsequently handed over to the British, within whose occupation zone the town and factory fell.

The factories were placed under the control of Oldham- born Hirst, by then a civilian Military Governor with the occupying forces. At first, one plan was to use it for military vehicle maintenance, and possibly dismantle and ship it to Britain. Since it had been used for military production, (though not of Kd.

F- Wagens) and had been in Hirst's words, a . Hirst had it repainted green and demonstrated it to British Army headquarters. Short of light transport, in September 1. British Army was persuaded to place a vital order for 2. However, production facilities had been massively disrupted, there was a refugee crisis at and around the factory and some parts (such as carburetors) were unavailable. With striking humanity and great engineering and management ingenuity, Hirst and his German assistant Heinrich Nordhoff (who went on to run the Wolfsburg facility after Military Government ended in 1.

Hirst, for example, used his fine engineering experience to arrange the manufacture of carburetors, the original producers being effectively 'lost' in the Russian zone. Some British Service personnel were allowed to take their Beetles back to the United Kingdom when they were demobilised. The defeated German staff, he said, were initially sullen and unresponsive, having been conditioned by many years of Nazism and they were sometimes unresponsive to orders. At Nordhoff's suggestion, he sent back to England for his officer's uniform and from then on, had no difficulty in having his instructions followed. Hirst can be seen photographed at Wolfsburg in his uniform, although he was not actually a soldier at the time but a civilian member of the Military Government.

The title of 'Major' was sometimes used by someone who had left the Army as a courtesy title. In fact, Hirst chose not to do so. These rules set German car production at a maximum of 1. Owing to roof and window damage, production had to stop when it rained, and the company had to barter new vehicles for steel for production. It was still unclear what was to become of the factory.

It was offered to representatives from the American, Australian, British, and French motor industries. Famously, all rejected it.

After an inspection of the plant, Sir William Rootes, head of the British Rootes Group, told Hirst the project would fail within two years, and that the car . If you think you're going to build cars in this place, you're a bloody fool, young man. In March 1. 94. 8, the British offered the Volkswagen company to Ford, free of charge. Henry Ford II, the son of Edsel Ford, traveled to West Germany for discussions. Heinz Nordhoff was also present, and Ernest Breech, chairman of the board for Ford Motor Company.

Henry Ford II looked to Ernest Breech for his opinion, and Breech said, . Ford, I don't think what we're being offered here is worth a dime! In 1. 94. 9, Major Hirst left the company—now re- formed as a trust controlled by the West German government and government of the State of Lower Saxony. Apart from the introduction of the Volkswagen Type 2commercial vehicle (van, pick- up and camper), and the VW Karmann Ghia sports car, Nordhoff pursued the one- model policy until shortly before his death in 1. Volkswagens were first exhibited and sold in the United States in 1.

America that first year. On entry to the U. S. Volkswagen of America was formed in April 1. United States. Production of the Type 1 Volkswagen Beetle increased dramatically over the years, the total reaching one million in 1. The UK's first official Volkswagen Importer, Colborne Garages of Ripley, Surrey, started with parts for the models brought home by soldiers returning from Germany. The order consisted of 1. C, a black, green, and sandcolor (3) 1.

GS, a chestnut brown and two azure blue, (2) 2. A- M5. 1 in red, (1)2.

A in blue, (1) 2. A in blue, (1) 2.

A beige color, and one ambulance. Volkswagens were seen in Canada for the first time at the Canadian National Exhibition in August 1. The first shipment for Volkswagen Canada reached Toronto in early December 1. To this, a 6. 0,0.

In 1. 97. 6, mass arrests occurred and some VW employees were tortured. In 1. 97. 9, Brazilian VW workers traveled to Wolfsburg to inform the CEO in person. In 2. 01. 5, activists and former VW employees in Brazil spoke out in public accused the company. In fall 2. 01. 6, VW commissioned an expet review of the situation due end of 2. On 1. 7 February 1.

Beetle was sold. Volkswagen could now claim the world production record for the most- produced, single make of car in history. By 1. 97. 3, total production was over 1. To commemorate its passing the Ford Model T's record sales mark and its victories in the Baja 1. Mexican races from 1.

Volkswagen produced its first limited- edition Beetle. It was marketed as the .

It featured unique . Dealer- installed options for this limited- edition Superbeetle included the following: white stripes running the length of the rocker- panel, a special shifter knob, bumper overriders, tapered exhaust tips, fake walnut inserts in the dashboard (behind the steering wheel and the glovebox cover) as well as Bosch fog lights mounted on the front bumper. By 1. 96. 3, the Type 1 came with a 1. By 1. 96. 5 the Type 1 had a 1. The air- cooled engine lost favor in the USA market with the advent of non- leaded gasoline and smog controls.

These air- cooled engines were commonly tuned to be fuel rich in order to control engine over- heating, and this led to excessive carbon monoxide emissions. VW Production equipment was eventually moved to Mexico where vehicle emissions were not regulated.

Nissan - Wikipedia. Coordinates: 3. 5.

The company sells its cars under the Nissan, Infiniti, and Datsun brands with in- house performance tuning products labelled Nismo. The company traces its name to the Nissan zaibatsu, now called Nissan Group. Since 1. 99. 9, Nissan has been part of the Renault–Nissan Alliance, a partnership between Nissan and French automaker Renault. The Only Living Boy In New York (2017) Free Download. As of 2. 01. 3, Renault holds a 4.

Nissan, while Nissan holds a 1. Renault. From 2. 00. Carlos Ghosn served as CEO of both companies. In February 2. 01. Ghosn announced he would step down as CEO of Nissan on 1 April 2.

In 1. 91. 4, the company produced its first car, called DAT. DAT Motors built trucks in addition to the DAT and Datsun passenger cars. The vast majority of its output were trucks, due to an almost non- existent consumer market for passenger cars at the time, and disaster recovery efforts as a result of the 1. Great Kant. Beginning in 1. DAT trucks were produced for the military market. At the same time, Jitsuyo Jidosha Co., Ltd. Jitsuyo Jidosha Seizo (established 1.

Kubota subsidiary) to become DAT Jidosha Seizo Co., Ltd Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd.(. From 1. 92. 3 to 1. Lila. Later in 1. Nissan Groupzaibatsu took control of DAT Motors, the last syllable of Datson was changed to . The name 'Nissan' originated during the 1.

This company was the famous Nissan . At this time Nissan controlled foundries and auto parts businesses, but Aikawa did not enter automobile manufacturing until 1. As Tobata Casting was a Nissan company, this was the beginning of Nissan's automobile manufacturing. At this time, Nissan Motor effectively became owned by Nihon Sangyo and Hitachi. Datsuns were shipped to Asia, Central and South America. In 1. 93. 5, the first car manufactured by an integrated assembly system rolled off the line at the Yokohama plant. November 1. 93. 7 Nissan's headquarter was moved to Hsinking the capital of Manchukuo then in December changed name to Manchuria Heavy Industries Developing Co.

This, along with Aikawa's 1. Detroit, was to greatly affect Nissan's future. Most of the machinery and processes originally came from the United States.

When Nissan started to assemble larger vehicles under the . This operation became the greatest success of Austin's overseas licensing of its Seven and marked the beginning of Datsun's international success. The agreement called for Nissan to make all Austin parts locally within three years, a goal Nissan met.

Nissan produced and marketed Austins for seven years. The agreement also gave Nissan rights to use Austin patents, which Nissan used in developing its own engines for its Datsun line of cars. In 1. 95. 3, British- built Austins were assembled and sold, but by 1. Austin A5. 0 – completely built by Nissan and featuring a new 1. Japan. Nissan produced 2. Austins from 1. 95.

The apex of the Austin- derived engines was the new design A series engine in 1. In 1. 96. 7, Nissan introduced its new highly advanced four cylinder overhead cam (OHC) Nissan L engine, which while similar to Mercedes- Benz OHC designs was a totally new engine designed by Nissan. This engine powered the new Datsun 5.

Nissan respect in the worldwide sedan market. Then, in 1. 96. 9 Nissan introduced the Datsun 2. Z sports car which used a six- cylinder variation of the L series engine, developed under Nissan Machinery (Nissan Koki Co., Ltd. The 2. 40. Z was an immediate sensation and lifted Nissan to world class status in the automobile market. The union that organized Nissan's workforce was strong and militant.

Workers were locked out, and several hundred were fired. The Japanese government and the U. S. A new labor union was formed.

Ichiro had studied at Harvard University on a U. S. He advanced an idea to trade wage cuts against saving 2,0. Between 1. 95. 5 and 1.

Nissan . The Prince name was eventually abandoned, and successive Skylines and Glorias bore the Nissan name. Nissan Red Stage itself has been replaced as of 2. The Skyline lives on as the G Series of Infiniti. Miss Fairlady. To attract visitors, Nissan started using beautiful female showroom attendants where Nissan held a competition to choose five candidates as the first class of Nissan Miss Fairladys, modeled after . The Fairlady name was used as a link to the popular Broadway play My Fair Lady of the era.

Miss Fairladys became the marketers of the Datsun Fairlady 1. Nissan management realized their Datsun small car line would fill an unmet need in markets such as Australia and the world's largest car market, the United States. They first showed the Datsun Bluebird at the 1.

Los Angeles Auto Show. By 1. 97. 0, Nissan had become one of the world's largest exporters of automobiles. In the wake of the 1. U. S. To meet the growing demand for its new Nissan Sunny, the company built new factories in Mexico (Nissan Mexicana was established in the early 1. Cuernavaca assembly facility, making it their first North American assembly plant), Australia, New Zealand, Taiwan, United States (Nissan Motor Manufacturing Corporation USA was established in 1.

South Africa. The addition of mass- market automobiles was in response to the 1. Voluntary Export Restraints imposed by the U. S. An engine plant in Decherd, Tennessee followed, most recently a second assembly plant was established in Canton, Mississippi. In 1. 97. 0, Teocar was created, which was a Greek assembly plant created in cooperation with Theoharakis. The plant started production in 1.

Datsun pick- up trucks and continued with the Nissan Cherry & Sunny vehicles. Until May 1. 99. 5 1. Greece. In order to overcome export tariffs and delivery costs to its European customers, Nissan contemplated establishing a plant in Europe.

Nissan tried to convert the Greek plant into one manufacturing cars for all European countries however due to issues with the Greek government not only did that not happen but the plant itself was closed. After an extensive review, Sunderland in the north east of England was chosen for its skilled workforce and its location near major ports. The plant was completed in 1. Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd. By 2. 00. 7, it was producing 4. Europe. In 2. 00. Nissan established a manufacturing plant in Brazil.

In 2. 00. 5, Nissan added operations in India, through its subsidiary Nissan Motor India Pvt. To meet increased production targets, Dongfeng- Nissan expanded its production base in Guangzhou, which would become Nissan's largest factory around the globe in terms of production capacity.

This production will start with 8. Nissan Rogue/X- Trail produced by Renault- Samsung Busan factory in South Korea, instead of being produced by Nissan in Japan. In the U. S., Nissan has been increasing its reliance on sales to daily- rental companies like Enterprise Rent- A- Car or Hertz. In 2. 01. 6, Nissan's rental sales jumped 3. Nissan became the only major auto maker to boost rental sales when the Detroit Three cut back less profitable deliveries to daily- rental companies, which traditionally are the biggest customers of domestic auto makers. The two minivans were virtually identical aside from cosmetic differences.

In 2. 00. 2, Nissan and Ford announced the discontinuation of the arrangement. The Maverick/Terrano II was a popular vehicle sold throughout Europe and Australasia. It was also sold in Japan as a captive import, with the Nissan model marketed as the Nissan Mistral. Volkswagen. Nissan licensed the Volkswagen Santana. Production began in 1.

Nissan's Zama, Kanagawa. The high roof version is built in the NMISA plant in Barcelona, Spain; while the low roof version is built at Vauxhall Motors/Opel's Luton plant in Bedfordshire, UKIn 2. GM announced its intentions to rebadge the Nissan NV2. Chevrolet City Express, to be introduced by end of 2.

The Nissan equivalent was marketed as the Nissan Vannette Cargo. Alliance with Renault. In June 2. 00. 1, Carlos Ghosn was named Chief Executive Officer of Nissan. In May 2. 00. 5, Ghosn was named President of Renault.

He was appointed President and CEO of Renault on 6 May 2.